Recently I was lucky enough to share lunch with a few members of the Indian cricket team. They were nice guys. Except Yuvraj Singh, who's a cock.
( My lunch with Mahendra )
By 1773 length bowling had replaced true bowling. It soon led to further experiments. In the 1780s Thomas Walker of Hambledon tried out a form of round-arm delivery but was specifically warned against it. Gradually others tried to bowl it and in 1816 a law was introduced to prohibit it:
'The ball must he howled (not thrown or jerked), and be delivered underhand, with the hand below the elbow. But if the ball be jerked, or the arm extended from the body horizontally, and any part of the hand be uppermost, or the hand horizontally extended when the ball is delivered, the Umpires shall call "No Ball".'
Opponents of round-arm bowling feared that it would restrict scoring and lead to an imbalance in favour of the bowler. Statistics proved them right. The first exponent of round-arm bowling was probably John Willes of Kent. He used to practice batting against the bowling of his sister, Christina. Because of her full skirt she could only deliver the ball round-arm and Willes found it very difficult to play. When he opened the bowling round-arm for Kent against the MCC at Lord's on July 15, 1822, he became the first bowler in the game's history to be no-balled for throwing.
By 1827 many players had tried out the round-arm method and the Sussex pair, William Lillywhite and James Broadbridge, had perfected it. Three experimental matches that season between Sussex and England, in which the effect on scoring was studied, led to the MCC authorising round-arm bowling the following year. Bowlers were allowed to raise their hand level with their elbow. The change was incorporated into a revision of the laws in 1835 but with 'shoulder' replacing 'elbow'. Some were already experimenting with overarm bowling and it was frequently employed in matches when the umpires allowed, Edgar Willsher of Kent was the first to be no-balled for bowling overarm, by John Lillywhite at The Oval on August 26, 1862. Opening England's bowling against Surrey, he was called six times and the England team left the field causing play to be abandoned for the rest of the day. Lillywhite refused to change his mind and he was replaced as umpire for the final day. Thus reprieved, Willsher took 6 for 49.
Overarm bowling was legalized when an amendment to the Laws was passed on 10 June 1864. It did not lead to a wholesale overnight change in bowling actions. Most raised their arm to shoulder height. The 1878 Australians were the first team to employ a specialist overarm attack and another decade was to pass before the new style became prevalent.
John Willes is credited with being the first man to bowl round-arm in a first-class match - it was referred to as "straight arm" in contemporary reports - and on July 15, 1822 he was no-balled playing for Kent against MCC at Lord's. He famously threw down the ball in disgust, mounted his horse, and rode out the game forever. But "Silver Billy" Beldham insisted that Willis had not invented the style, merely "revived what was forgotten or new to the young folk" and that "jerking" as it was previously known had plagued cricket in the 1780s until outlawed by the Hambledon club.
Legend has it that Willes was inspired to develop a round-arm style after his sister used it, being prevented from bowling underarm by the voluminous skirts of the time. That is probably myth, but what is certain is that Willes was a colourful character. He kept his own pack of dwarf hounds, and on one occasion barricaded himself in his house against creditors, surviving on food passed to him by friends by means of a basket lowered from a window each night.


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